Week 4 Discussion: Inflammation in Disease and Following Surgery| BIO 526

Week 4 Discussion: Inflammation in Disease and Following Surgery| BIO 526

Week 4 Discussion: Inflammation in Disease and Following Surgery| BIO 526

Introduction

Steroids are often given for severe inflammatory pain associated with rheumatoid arthritis. For acute surgical pain, however, these drugs are rarely used, even though inflammation is probably the major cause of postoperative pain.

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Discussion Guidelines

Initial Post

In your initial post, explain the rationale for the contrasting approaches.

Response Post(s)

Reply to at least two classmates’ initial posts by Sunday.

Submission

Post your initial and follow up responses and review full grading criteria on the Discussion 4.1: Inflammation in Disease and Following Surgery page.

Week 4: Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity

Welcome to Week 4. This week, we turn our focus from genetic and congenital disorders to infection, inflammation, and immunity. This material is from Chapters 9 and 10 in your textbook. Chapter 9 covers inflammation, tissue repair, and wound healing, while Chapter 10 describes the mechanisms of infectious diseases. These chapters are reversed in the PowerPoint presentations with the material from infectious diseases coming first, followed by the material on inflammation, tissue repair, and wound healing.

The concepts covered in infectious diseases are fairly easy to articulate. After you complete this lesson, you will be able to define terms used in the study of infectious disease (like microflora and virulence), describe the agents of infectious disease (like viruses and bacteria), list the systemic manifestations of infectious disease and the stages of the infectious disease once it enters the body, and cite the intervention methods that are used to treat infectious diseases.

Inflammation, tissue repair, and wound healing begins with a description of the inflammatory process, including understanding the goal and stages of the inflammatory process and describing the mediators that are involved in the process. Assuming the causative factor or injurious agent has been removed or isolated during the inflammatory process, wound healing and tissue repair, which both overlap the inflammatory process, occur. You should pay attention to the steps involved in tissue regeneration and the stages of wound healing. The third set of provided materials presents an introduction to the three plasma systems and the inflammatory cells that are involved in the inflammatory response. Finally, you should be able to articulate problems that are associated with the inflammatory repair or impaired wound healing.

Lesson 1: Infectious Diseases

We will cover various aspects of infectious diseases in this lesson, including examining the mechanisms of infectious disease, identifying the agents of infectious disease, reviewing how the diseases are classified, and examining their incidence, source, and treatment options.

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Learning Outcomes

At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

Mechanisms of Infectious Disease

• Infectious DiseaseDefine the terms host, infectious disease, colonization, microflora, virulence, pathogen, and saprophyte
• Describe the concept of host–microorganism interaction using the concepts of commensalism, mutualism, and parasitic relationships
• Mechanism of InfectionDescribe the stages of an infectious disease after the potential pathogen has entered the body
• List the systemic manifestations of infectious disease
• Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesExplain the differences among culture, serology, and antigen, metabolite, or molecular detection methods for diagnosis of infectious disease
• Cite three general intervention methods that can be used in treatment of infectious illnesses

Before attempting to complete your learning activities for this week, review the following learning materials:

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Learning Materials

Read the following in your Porth’s Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States textbook:

Chapter 10, “Mechanisms of Infectious Disease”

You should use the assigned textbook readings to supplement or clarify the presented materials or to expand your knowledge on this lesson’s topics.

Review the following presentation. Note: the video has no audio.

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Mechanisms of Infectious Disease Presentation

Download the PowerPoint version of Mechanisms of Infectious Disease Presentation (PPT) if you require an accessible copy of the video.

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Lesson 2: Inflammation, Tissue Repair, and Wound Healing

This section will examine the inflammatory response, with specificity to the stages, cells and mediators involved, and the manifestations of inflammation. Finally, our study of inflammation will include tissue repair and wound healing. There are two presentations covering the various aspects of this material.

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Learning Outcomes

At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

Inflammation, Tissue Repair, and Wound Healing

• The Inflammatory ResponseDescribe the vascular changes in an acute inflammatory response
• Characterize the interaction of adhesion molecules, chemokines, and cytokines in leukocyte adhesion, migration, and phagocytosis, which are part of the cellular phase of inflammation
• List four types of inflammatory mediators and state their function
• Tissue Repair and Wound HealingCompare labile, stable, and permanent cell types in terms of their capacity for regeneration
• Trace the wound-healing process through the inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling phases
• Explain the effects of malnutrition; ischemia and oxygen deprivation; impaired immune and inflammatory responses; and infection, wound separation, and foreign bodies on wound healing

Before attempting to complete your learning activities for this week, review the following learning materials:

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Learning Materials

Read the following in your Porth’s Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States textbook:

Chapter 9, “Inflammation, Tissue Repair, and Wound Healing”

You should use the assigned textbook readings to supplement or clarify the presented materials or to expand your knowledge on this lesson’s topics.

Review the following presentation. Note: the video has no audio.

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Inflammation, Tissue Repair, and Wound Healing Presentation

Download the PowerPoint version of Inflammation, Tissue Repair, and Wound Healing Presentation (PPT) if you require an accessible copy of the video.