NURS 6645 Assignment: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
NURS 6645 Assignment: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
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It is estimated that more almost 7% of the U.S. population will experience posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in their lifetime (National Institute of Mental Health, 2017). This debilitating disorder often interferes with an individual’s ability to function in daily life. Common symptoms of anxiousness and depression frequently lead to behavioral issues, adolescent substance abuse issues, and even physical ailments. For this Assignment, you examine a PTSD video case study and consider how you might assess and treat clients presenting with PTSD.
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To prepare:
[elementor-template id="165244"]Review this week’s Learning Resources and reflect on the insights they provide about diagnosing and treating PTSD.
View the media Presentation Example: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and assess the client in the case study.
For guidance on assessing the client, refer to Chapter 3 of the Wheeler text.
Note: To complete this Assignment, you must assess the client, but you are not required to submit a formal comprehensive client assessment.
The Assignment
Succinctly, in 1–2 pages, address the following:
Briefly explain the neurobiological basis for PTSD illness.
Discuss the DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria for PTSD and relate these criteria to the symptomology presented in the case study. Does the video case presentation provide sufficient information to derive a PTSD diagnosis? Justify your reasoning. Do you agree with the other diagnoses in the case presentation? Why or why not?
Discuss one other psychotherapy treatment option for the client in this case study. Explain whether your treatment option is considered a “gold standard treatment” from a clinical practice guideline perspective, and why using gold standard, evidence-based treatments from clinical practice guidelines is important for psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioners.
Support your Assignment with specific examples from this week’s media and at least three peer-reviewed, evidence-based sources. Explain why each of your supporting sources is considered scholarly. Attach the PDFs of your sources.
NURS 6645 Assignment: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Sample
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that requires proper diagnosis and treatment to improve patient outcomes (Bisson et al., 2016). The DSM-5 diagnostic criteria are utilized to determine PTSD, which then guides the client’s therapy options. Following Joe’s practical example of an eight-year-old boy, this essay investigates PSTD diagnosis criteria as well as therapy strategies.
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The Neurobiological Explanation for PTSD
PTSD neuroscience is comprised of the neurobiological system’s neuroendocrine, neurochemical, and neuroanatomical foundations. According to Bisson et al. (2016), the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is important in coordinating the body’s ability to respond to stress. The neurological system’s response to stress begins in the hypothalamus, where corticotrophin hormone stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release adrenocorticotrophic hormone (Ibrahim & Hassan, 2017). The hormone also boosts glucocorticoid synthesis, which acts as a negative feedback system, lowering stress reactions. Excessive stress and chronic cortisol release impair the hippocampus of the brain, causing neuroplasty and neurogenesis impairment.
The neurochemistry, on the other hand, is involved with the regulation of peptides, opioid neurotransmitters, catecholamines, and amino acids, all of which are involved in the dread and stress responses. The primary catecholamines implicated in PSTD are norepinephrine and dopamine. Catecholamine levels rise in persons suffering from PTSD (Shalev et al., 2017). The amygdala and the hippocampus are two primary brain modifications that increase the likelihood of developing PTSD. Alterations in the coordination of the brain’s circuitry influence the development of PTSD.
The DSM-5 Diagnostic Requirements in PSTD
A number of DSM-5 elements are incorporated in the PSTD diagnostic requirements (APA, 2013). The first criterion is that there be an instance of trauma, which in Joe’s case was an MVA while accompanying his father. The patient must have a persistent and permanent recall of the traumatic incident, according to the second condition (Pai et al, 2017; APA, 2013). Joe had several memories, dreams, and musings of the terror that he and his dad had experienced.
As a third criterion, the client must demonstrate hyper-arousal responses. In the video, Joe exhibited disrupted sleep schedules; agitation, attention issues, and was belligerent, clashing with relatives and colleagues. The client must also be suffering unfavorable mood reactions, according to the last condition (Pai et al, 2017; APA, 2013). Joe, the example study’s subject, had cognitive disability, negative feelings, and interpersonal problems.
The video shows the prerequisites for receiving a PSTD assessment vividly. The video illustrates various scenarios that represent trauma-like situations, as well as how Joe responded after the terrible occurrence, which also included cognitive alterations, different sleeping habits, and animosity, especially when reminded of the same incident. The data available is sufficient for a diagnosis of PTSD.
Available Treatment Options for Psychotherapy
Prolonged counseling engagement is my preferred psychotherapeutic therapy of choice. Extended therapeutic contact is the first line of treatment for anyone suffering from PTSD, especially children, veterans, and grownups (Fan et al., 2015). In the management of PTSD clients, prolonged exposure therapy is backed by scientific proof and professional recommendations. Prolonged exposure therapy can help individuals with PTSD symptoms like hopelessness, fury, and anxiety. Clients get remedies such as in-vivo interaction, imaginal exposure, emotional processing, and psychosocial interventions throughout prolonged exposure treatment.
References
American Psychiatric Association [APA] (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), 5th ed. Author.
Bisson, J. I., Cosgrove, S., Lewis, C., & Roberts, N. P. (2016). Post-traumatic stress disorder. BMJ, 351. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h6161
Fan, F., Long, K., Zhou, Y., Zheng, Y., & Liu, X. (2015). Longitudinal trajectories of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms among adolescents after the Wenchuan earthquake in China. Psychological Medicine, 45(13), 2885–2896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715000884
Grande, T. (2019). Presentation example: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) [YouTube Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RkSv_zPH-M4
Ibrahim, H., & Hassan, C.Q. (2017). Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms resulting from torture and other traumatic events among Syrian Kurdish refugees in Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 241. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00241
Pai, A., Suris, A. M., & North, C.S. (2017). Posttraumatic stress disorder in the DSM-5: Controversy, change, and conceptual considerations. Behavioral Sciences, 7(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs7010007
Shalev, A., Liberzon, I., & Marmar, C. (2017). Post-traumatic stress disorder. New England Journal of Medicine, 376(25), 2459-2469. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1612499
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