NURS 6501 Week 8 Module 5 Assignment:  Concepts of Neurological and Musculoskeletal Disorders Part 2

NURS 6501 Week 8 Module 5 Assignment:  Concepts of Neurological and Musculoskeletal Disorders Part 2

NURS 6501 Week 8 Module 5 Assignment:  Concepts of Neurological and Musculoskeletal Disorders Part 2

As homeowners know all too well, there is a continuous need for maintenance and repair. Some efforts are precautionary in nature, while others are the result of issues that surface over time.

Similarly, musculoskeletal disorders can develop over time. For some disorders, such as osteoporosis, precautionary treatments are a potential option. But much like issues that surface in a home over time, many musculoskeletal issues can be very serious concerns, and they can have a significant impact on patients’ lives.

This week, you continue to examine fundamental concepts of neurological and musculoskeletal disorders. You explore common disorders that impact these systems and you apply the key terms and concepts that help communicate the pathophysiological nature of these issues to patients.

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Learning Objectives
Students will:

Analyze processes related to neurological and musculoskeletal disorders
Identify racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning
Evaluate the impact of patient characteristics on disorders and altered physiology
Learning Resources
Note: The below resources were first presented in Week 7. If you have previously reviewed them, you are encouraged to read or view them again here.

Required Readings (click to expand/reduce)

McCance, K. L. & Huether, S. E. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier.

Chapter 15: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems (stop at Aging and the nervous system)
Chapter 16: Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function (stop at Sleep); Summary Review
o Chapter 17: Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function; pp. 504–511, pp. 516–530 (start at Acute confusional states and delirium) (stop at Alterations in neuromotor functions); (Parkinson’s Disease); Summary Review
Chapter 18: Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction (stop at Degenerative disorders of the spine); (start at Cerebrovascular disorders) (stop at Tumors of the central nervous system); Summary Review
Chapter 44: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System (stop at Components of muscle function); Summary Review
Chapter 45: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function (stop at Bone tumors); (start at Disorders of joints); Summary Review
Chin, L. S. (2018). Spinal cord injuries. Retrieved from https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/793582-overview#a4

Required Media (click to expand/reduce)

Khan Academy. (2019b). Ischemic stroke. Retrieved from ttps://www.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/circulatory-system-diseases/stroke/v/ischemic-stroke

Note: The approximate length of the media program is 8 minutes.

Osmosis.org. (2019, June 12). Osteoporosis – causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jUQ_tt_zJDo

Note: The approximate length of the media program is 9 minutes.

Online Media from Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children
In addition to this week’s media, it is highly recommended that you access and view the resources included with the course text, Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children. Focus on the videos and animations in Chapters 15, 16, 18, and the sections of Chapters 44 and 45 that relate to the neurological and musculoskeletal systems. Refer to the Learning Resources in Week 1 for registration instructions. If you have already registered, you may access the resources at https://evolve.elsevier.com/

Module 5 Assignment: Case Study Analysis
An understanding of the neurological and musculoskeletal systems is a critically important component of disease and disorder diagnosis and treatment. This importance is magnified by the impact that that these two systems can have on each other. A variety of factors and circumstances affecting the emergence and severity of issues in one system can also have a role in the performance of the other.

Effective analysis often requires an understanding that goes beyond these systems and their mutual impact. For example, patient characteristics such as, racial and ethnic variables can play a role.

Photo Credit: jijomathai – stock.adobe.com

An understanding of the symptoms of alterations in neurological and musculoskeletal systems is a critical step in diagnosis and treatment. For APRNs this understanding can also help educate patients and guide them through their treatment plans.

In this Assignment, you examine a case study and analyze the symptoms presented. You identify the elements that may be factors in the diagnosis, and you explain the implications to patient health.

To prepare:

By Day 1 of this week, you will be assigned to a specific case study scenario for this Case Study Assignment. Please see the “Course Announcements” section of the classroom for your assignment from your Instructor.

Assignment (1- to 2-page case study analysis)
In your Case Study Analysis related to the scenario provided, explain the following:

Both the neurological and musculoskeletal pathophysiologic processes that would account for the patient presenting these symptoms.
Any racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning.
How these processes interact to affect the patient.
Day 7 of Week 8
Submit your Case Study Analysis Assignment by Day 7 of Week 8.

Reminder: The College of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. The sample paper provided at the Walden Writing Center provides an example of those required elements (available at https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates). All papers submitted must use this formatting.

Submission and Grading Information
To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “M5Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.
Click the Module 5 Assignment Rubric to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.
Click the Module 5 Assignment link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.
Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “M5Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open.
If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database.
Click on the Submit button to complete your submission.
Grading Criteria
To access your rubric:

Module 5 Assignment Rubric

Check Your Assignment Draft for Authenticity
To check your Assignment draft for authenticity:

Submit your Module 5 Assignment draft and review the originality report.

Submit Your Assignment by Day 7 of Week 8
To participate in this Assignment:

Module 5 Assignment

What’s Coming Up in Module 6?

Photo Credit: [BrianAJackson]/[iStock / Getty Images Plus]/Getty Images

In Module 6, you will identify processes related to psychological disorders. You will also examine the neurobiology of various psychological issues and consider variables that may impact physiological functioning and altered physiology.

Week 9 Knowledge Check: Psychological Disorders

In the Week 9 Knowledge Check, you will demonstrate your understanding of the topics covered during Module 6. This Knowledge Check will be composed of a series of questions related to specific scenarios provided. It is highly recommended that you review the Learning Resources in their entirety prior to taking the Knowledge Check, since the resources cover the topics addressed. Plan your time accordingly.

Next Module
To go to the next Module:

Module 6

Rubric Detail

Select Grid View or List View to change the rubric’s layout.

Name: NURS_6501_Module5_Case Study_Assignment_Rubric
Grid View
List View
Excellent Good Fair Poor
Develop a 1- to 2-page case study analysis, examining the patient symptoms presented in the case study. Be sure to address the following:

Explain both the neurological and musculoskeletal pathophysiologic processes of why the patient presents these symptoms.
28 (28%) – 30 (30%)
The response accurately and thoroughly describes the patient symptoms.

The response includes accurate, clear, and detailed explanations of both the neurological and musculoskeletal pathophysiologic processes of patients who present these symptoms and is supported by evidence and/or research, as appropriate, to support the explanation.
25 (25%) – 27 (27%)
The response describes the patient symptoms.

The response includes accurate, explanations of both the neurological and musculoskeletal pathophysiologic processes of patients who present these symptoms and is supported by evidence and/or research, as appropriate, to support the explanation.
23 (23%) – 24 (24%)
The response describes the patient symptoms in a manner that is vague or inaccurate.

The response includes explanations of both the neurological and musculoskeletal pathophysiologic processes of patients who present these symptoms and is supported by explanations that are vague or based on inappropriate evidence/research.
0 (0%) – 22 (22%)
The response describes the patient symptoms in a manner that is vague and inaccurate, or the description is missing.

The response does not include explanations of both the neurological and musculoskeletal pathophysiologic processes of patients who present these symptoms, or the explanations are vague or based on inappropriate evidence/research.
Explain how the highlighted processes interact to affect the patient.
28 (28%) – 30 (30%)
The response includes an accurate, complete, detailed, and specific explanation of how the highlighted processes interact to affect the patient and is supported by evidence and/or research, as appropriate, to support the explanation.
25 (25%) – 27 (27%)
The response includes an accurate explanation of how the highlighted processes interact to affect the patient and is supported by evidence and/or research, as appropriate, to support the explanation.
23 (23%) – 24 (24%)
The response includes a vague or inaccurate explanation of how the highlighted processes interact to affect the patient, with explanations that are based on inappropriate evidence/research.
0 (0%) – 22 (22%)
The response includes a vague or inaccurate explanation of how the highlighted processes interact to affect the patient, with explanations that are based on inappropriate or missing evidence/research.
Explain any racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning.
23 (23%) – 25 (25%)
The response includes an accurate, complete, detailed, and specific explanation of racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning and is supported by evidence and/or research, as appropriate, to support the explanation.
20 (20%) – 22 (22%)
The response includes an accurate explanation of racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning and is supported by evidence and/or research, as appropriate, to support the explanation.
18 (18%) – 19 (19%)
The response includes a vague or inaccurate explanation of racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning, and/or explanations that are based on inappropriate evidence/research.
0 (0%) – 17 (17%)
The response includes a vague or inaccurate explanation of racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning, or the explanations are based on inappropriate or no evidence/research.
Written Expression and Formatting – Paragraph Development and Organization:
Paragraphs make clear points that support well-developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused—neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement and introduction are provided that delineate all required criteria.
5 (5%) – 5 (5%)
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity.

A clear and comprehensive purpose statement, introduction, and conclusion are provided that delineate all required criteria.
4 (4%) – 4 (4%)
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 80% of the time.

The purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment are stated, yet they are brief and not descriptive.
3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%)
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 60%–79% of the time.

The purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment are vague or off topic.
0 (0%) – 3 (3%)
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity < 60% of the time.

No purpose statement, introduction, or conclusion were provided.
Written Expression and Formatting – English Writing Standards:
Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation
5 (5%) – 5 (5%)
Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors.
4 (4%) – 4 (4%)
Contains a few (1 or 2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.
3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%)
Contains several (3 or 4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.
0 (0%) – 3 (3%)
Contains many (≥ 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding.
Written Expression and Formatting – The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list.
5 (5%) – 5 (5%)
Uses correct APA format with no errors.
4 (4%) – 4 (4%)
Contains a few (1 or 2) APA format errors.
3 (3%) – 3 (3%)
Contains several (3 or 4) APA format errors.
0 (0%) – 3 (3%)
Contains many (≥ 5) APA format errors.
Total Points: 100
Name: NURS_6501_Module5_Case Study_Assignment_Rubric

A Sample Of This Assignment Written By One Of Our Top-rated Writers

NURS 6501 Week 8 Module 5 Assignment: Case Study Analysis

The scenario concerns a 74-year-old hypertensive patient who suddenly experienced difficulty speaking, drooling on the left side of the mouth, and left-hand weakness. The symptoms worsen within 10 minutes to the point that he cannot raise his arm and cannot stand. However, he persistently denies his problems. Vital signs include BP-178/94, HR- 78, and PaO2 97% on room air. Abnormal neurological exam findings include mild left facial droop, left arm unable to resist gravity, mild drift in the left leg, and mild neglect to the left side of the body. The client has mild to moderate dysarthria, but the airway is protected. The purpose of this paper is to explain the pathophysiologic processes causing the symptoms and racial/ethnic factors that can affect physiological functioning.

Pathophysiologic Processes That Would Account For the Symptoms

The patient’s symptoms can be attributed to a neurological pathophysiologic process,  Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). ICH is caused by bleeding within the brain due to a rupture of a blood vessel resulting in hemorrhagic stroke. Hypertension is the most important cause of hemorrhage, and it mostly occurs during activity. The patient’s symptoms could be due to an elevated BP, which caused changes within the arterial wall, increasing its risk of rupture. The brain then got damaged due to bleeding, resulting in edema, distortion, and displacement, which directly irritated the brain tissue (McGurgan et al., 2020). The patient likely has right-brain damage, which has led to left-sided hemiplegia, left-sided neglect,  and denying symptoms.

Musculoskeletal pathophysiologic processes that may have led to the symptoms include a combination of muscle disuse, denervation,  remodeling, and spasticity. Defects in the descending neural pathways cause impaired neuromotor control and structural and functional changes in the muscle tissue (McGurgan et al., 2020). The processes lead to muscle hypotrophy, weakness, fatigue, and altered motor control. This explains the patient’s inability to stand, lift his arm, or resist gravity, as well as muscle weakness and leg drift. Racial/Ethnic Factors That May Affect Physiological Functioning

Like many health conditions, the causes of hemorrhagic stroke are presumed to be a combination of genetic and environmental risk factors. Kittner et al. (2021) explain that Blacks and Hispanics have a higher risk of ICH), than their White counterparts, especially at a younger age. The study established that more than half of all ICH cases among Black and Hispanic populations were attributed to hypertension. Besides, among Blacks and Hispanics, APOE was not associated with lobar ICH, while hypertension remained a strong risk factor for this subtype (Kittner et al., 2021). Furthermore, compared with White persons, Black and Hispanic patients had Intracerebral hemorrhage at a much younger age and had a higher population attributable risk (PAR) percentage for treated and untreated hypertension and lack of health insurance, which affects physiological functioning.

How the Processes Interact To Affect the Patient

            The pathophysiological processes in the patient’s hemorrhagic stroke interacted causing the abrupt onset of symptoms that worsened over ten minutes possibly due to ongoing bleeding. The musculoskeletal and neurological pathophysiological processes affected the patient by causing motor and neurological deficits (Morais Filho et al., 2021). Consequently, the patients experienced a loss of voluntary movement like inability to stand, lift arm, and resist gravity. He also experienced neurological deficits like drooling, muscle weakness, and leg drift.

Conclusion

            The patient’s symptoms were due to hemorrhagic stroke secondary to ICH, which is caused by bleeding to the brain. He has left-sided muscle weakness, neglect to the left side of the body, left facial droop, and dysarthria can be attributed to a stroke on the right side of the brain. Inadequately managed hypertension and lack of health insurance among minority ethnic/racial groups and the early onset of ICH in Black and Hispanic populations puts them at risk of hemorrhagic stroke.

 References

Kittner, S. J., Sekar, P., Comeau, M. E., Anderson, C. D., Parikh, G. Y., Tavarez, T., … & Woo, D. (2021). Ethnic and racial variation in intracerebral hemorrhage risk factors and risk factor burden. JAMA Network Open, 4(8), e2121921-e2121921. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.21921

McGurgan, I. J., Ziai, W. C., Werring, D. J., Al-Shahi Salman, R., & Parry-Jones, A. R. (2020). Acute intracerebral hemorrhage: diagnosis and management. Practical Neurology, 21(2), 128–136. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1136/practneurol-2020-002763

Morais Filho, A. B., Rego, T., Mendonça, L. L., Almeida, S. S., Nóbrega, M., Palmieri, T. O., Giustina, G., Melo, J. P., Pinheiro, F. I., & Guzen, F. P. (2021). The physiopathology of spontaneous hemorrhagic stroke: a systematic review. Reviews In The Neurosciences, 32(6), 631–658. https://doi.org/10.1515/revneuro-2020-0131