NRS 465 Topic 3 DQ 1 & 2 Discussion
NRS 465 Topic 3 DQ 1 & 2 Discussion
Topic 3 DQ 1
Assessment Description
Develop a PICOT question using your approved nursing practice problem. Post a draft of your PICOT question in the following format:
[elementor-template id="165244"]In_______________(Population), how does _______________ (Intervention) compared to _______________ (Comparison) affect _______________ (Outcome) within______________(Time, optional)?
This should be the same question you will be using in your “PICOT Question Development” assignment. Give and receive feedback to refine your PICOT question.
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Initial discussion question posts should be a minimum of 200 words and include at least two references cited using APA format. Responses to peers or faculty should be 100-150 words and include one reference. Refer to “RN-BSN DQ Rubric” and “RN-BSN Participation Rubric,” located in Class Resources, to understand the expectations for initial discussion question posts and participation posts, respectively.
American Association of Colleges of Nursing Core Competencies for Professional Nursing Education
This assignment aligns to AACN Core Competencies 9.3
Topic 3 DQ 2
Assessment Description
Define the role of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) when conducting research. Provide an example of a peer-reviewed research article involving human subjects and addressing a nursing practice issue. Discuss the ethical considerations the researchers considered when conducting the study.
Initial discussion question posts should be a minimum of 200 words and include at least two references cited using APA format. Responses to peers or faculty should be 100-150 words and include one reference. Refer to “RN-BSN DQ Rubric” and “RN-BSN Participation Rubric,” located in Class Resources, to understand the expectations for initial discussion question posts and participation posts, respectively.
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NRS 465 Topic 3 DQ 1 & 2 Discussion
Topic 3 DQ 1
Falls in elderly patients are a core concern because of their negative effects on patient safety and quality of care. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2024) posits that one in every four older persons falls at least once a year but less than half report such events to their healthcare providers. Again, over 1 million fall-related hospitalizations occur among older adults with risk factors like body weakness, lack of effective balance or gait, and medications as well as old age being responsible for the increased prevalence of falls (AlSumadi et al., 2023). Purposeful hourly rounding is an evidence-based practice (EBP) proven to reduce and prevent falls among older hospitalized patients. As such, based on the EBP process, developing a PICOT question is essential to addressing falls among older patients in inpatient facilities or settings (Vaishya et al., 2020). Older patients are susceptible to falls and require better interventions emanating from evidence and implemented by nurses to improve their safety by reducing and preventing their occurrence (Khawaja et al., 2023). The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) considers falls as “never event” implying that it cannot reimburse providers and healthcare organizations for costs incurred in treating related outcomes.
PICOT Question
In elderly hospitalized patients (Population/problem), how does purposeful hourly rounding (Intervention) compared to normal rounding by nurses (Comparison) affect the rate of falls (Outcome) within three months (Time, optional)?
References
AlSumadi, M., AlAdwan, M., AlSumadi, A., Sangani, C., & Toh, E. (2023). Inpatient Falls and
Orthopaedic Injuries in Elderly Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis From a Falls Register. Cureus, 15(10). DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46976
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2024 May 6). Older Adult Fall Prevention:
Facts about Falls. https://www.cdc.gov/falls/data-research/facts-stats/index.html
Khawaja, I., Awan, S. A., Babar, M., Khan, T., & owais Khalil, M. (2023). Fall prevalence and
associated risk factors in the hospitalized adult population: a crucial step towards improved hospital care. Cureus, 15(8). DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46976
Vaishya, R., & Vaish, A. (2020). Falls in older adults are serious. Indian journal of orthopaedics,
54, 69-74. DOI: 10.1007/s43465-019-00037-x
Topic 3 DQ 2
The institutional review board (IRB) plays a critical role in research that involves human subjects or participants. The Institutional Review Board is an administrative entity created to protect the rights and welfare of human research subjects recruited to participate in research activities carried out based on the rules of the institution with which it is associated (Serpico et al., 2022). The IRB process is aimed at ensuring that study participants are safe and the research leads to high-quality evidence for application in clinical settings and health populations. The primary role of IRB is to review, before its initiation, all research involving human participants. The IRB protects the welfare, rights, and privacy of human subjects. For instance, it ensures that research subjects have informed consent (Lynch et al., 2020). The IRB has the authority to approve, exempt, disapprove, monitor and evaluate, and demand changes in all research activities that fall within its jurisdictions based on set regulations at state and federal levels and institutional policy. The IRB reviews research proposals to ensure ethical considerations are upheld, ascertain possible benefits outweigh the potential risks to participants, and ascertain informed consent procedures are sufficient.
An example of a peer-reviewed research article involving human participants and discussing a nursing issue is by O’Brien (2020) titled, “Decreasing Falls Amongst Elderly.” In the study, the researcher involved 26 nurses’ aides who were trained for over 10 weeks to perform an evidence-based intervention: purposeful hourly rounding based on 4 Ps. The researcher prioritized ethical considerations are required by IRB. These included getting informed consent from the nurses, confidentiality, minimizing harm, and ensuring that they benefited from the EBP intervention. For instance, the researcher did not reveal the identity of the participants while the essence of the training was to equip nurses with four interventions to reduce and prevent patient falls. These included assessing pain, personal needs, appropriate positioning, and placement.
References
Lynch, H. F., & Rosenfeld, S. (2020). Institutional review board quality, private equity, and
promoting ethical human subjects research. Annals of Internal Medicine, 173(7), 558-562. DOI: 10.7326/M20-1674.
O’Brien, J. (2020). Decreasing Falls Amongst Elderly. International Journal of
Nursing and Health Care Research, 3:1201. DOI: 10.29011/2688-9501.101201
Serpico, K., Rahimzadeh, V., Gelinas, L., Hartsmith, L., Lynch, H. F., & Anderson, E. E. (2022).
Institutional review board use of outside experts: A national survey. AJOB empirical bioethics, 13(4), 251-262. DOI: 10.1080/23294515.2022.2090459.