Discussion: NURS 6521 Week 5 Diabetes and Drug Treatments

Discussion: NURS 6521 Week 5 Diabetes and Drug Treatments

Discussion: NURS 6521 Week 5 Diabetes and Drug Treatments

Each year, 1.5 million Americans are diagnosed with diabetes (American Diabetes Association, 2019). If left untreated, diabetic patients are at risk for several alterations, including heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, neuropathy, and blindness. There are various methods for treating diabetes, many of which include some form of drug therapy. The type of diabetes as well as the patient’s behavior factors will impact treatment recommendations.

For this Discussion, you compare types of diabetes, including drug treatments for type 1, type 2, gestational, and juvenile diabetes.

Reference: American Diabetes Association. (2019). Statistics about diabetes. Retrieved from http://diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/statistics/

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Resources

Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.

Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.

WEEKLY RESOURCES

Learning Resources

Required Readings

Rosenthal, L. D., & Burchum, J. R. (2021). Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice nurses and physician assistants (2nd ed.) St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.

Chapter 48, “Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus” (pp. 397–415)

Chapter 49, “Drugs for Thyroid Disorders” (pp. 416–424)

American Diabetes Association. (2018). Pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment: Standards of medical care in diabetes

Links to an external site.—2018. Diabetes Care, 41(Supplement 1), S73–S85. Retrieved from http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/41/supplement_1/s73.full-text.pdf

This article provides guidance on pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment as it pertains to treating patients with diabetes. Reflect on the content of this article as you continue to examine potential drug treatments for patients with diabetes.

Document: Mid-Term Summary & Study Guide (PDF)

Download Mid-Term Summary & Study Guide (PDF)

Required Media

Speed Pharmacology. (2017). Drugs for Diabetes (Made Easy)

Links to an external site. [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LWDQyaKVols&t=79s

Note: This media program is approximately 17 minutes

To Prepare:

Review the Resources for this module and reflect on differences between types of diabetes, including type 1, type 2, gestational, and juvenile diabetes.

Select one type of diabetes to focus on for this Discussion.

Consider one type of drug used to treat the type of diabetes you selected, including proper preparation and administration of this drug. Then, reflect on dietary considerations related to treatment.

Think about the short-term and long-term impact of the diabetes you selected on patients, including effects of drug treatments.

By Day 3 of Week 5

Post a brief explanation of the differences between the types of diabetes, including type 1, type 2, gestational, and juvenile diabetes. Describe one type of drug used to treat the type of diabetes you selected, including proper preparation and administration of this drug. Be sure to include dietary considerations related to treatment. Then, explain the short-term and long-term impact of this type of diabetes on patients. including effects of drug treatments. Be specific and provide examples.

By Day 6 of Week 5

Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses and respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days who selected a different type of diabetes than you did. Provide recommendations for alternative drug treatments and patient education strategies for treatment and management.

Note: For this Discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be able to view and respond to your colleagues’ postings. Begin by clicking on the Reply button to complete your initial post. Remember, once you click on Post Reply, you cannot delete or edit your own posts and you cannot post anonymously. Please check your post carefully before clicking on Post Reply!

NURS_6521_Week5_Discussion_Rubric

NURS_6521_Week5_Discussion_Rubric

Criteria Ratings Pts

This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Main Posting

50 to >44.5 pts

Excellent

Answers all parts of the discussion question(s) expectations with reflective critical analysis and synthesis of knowledge gained from the course readings for the module and current credible sources. …Supported by at least three current, credible sources….Written clearly and concisely with no grammatical or spelling errors and fully adheres to current APA manual writing rules and style.

44.5 to >39.5 pts

Good

Responds to the discussion question(s) and is reflective with critical analysis and synthesis of knowledge gained from the course readings for the module. …At least 75% of post has exceptional depth and breadth. …Supported by at least three credible sources….Written clearly and concisely with one or no grammatical or spelling errors and fully adheres to current APA manual writing rules and style.

39.5 to >34.5 pts

Fair

Responds to some of the discussion question(s). …One or two criteria are not addressed or are superficially addressed. …Is somewhat lacking reflection and critical analysis and synthesis. …Somewhat represents knowledge gained from the course readings for the module. …Post is cited with two credible sources….Written somewhat concisely; may contain more than two spelling or grammatical errors. …Contains some APA formatting errors.

34.5 to >0 pts

Poor

Does not respond to the discussion question(s) adequately….Lacks depth or superficially addresses criteria. …Lacks reflection and critical analysis and synthesis. …Does not represent knowledge gained from the course readings for the module. …Contains only one or no credible sources….Not written clearly or concisely. …Contains more than two spelling or grammatical errors. …Does not adhere to current APA manual writing rules and style

50 pts

This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Main Post: Timeliness
10 pts

Excellent

Posts main post by day 3

0 pts

Poor

Does not post by day 3

10 pts

This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome First Response
18 to >16.02 pts

Excellent

Response exhibits synthesis, critical thinking, and application to practice settings. …Responds fully to questions posed by faculty. …Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by at least two scholarly sources. …Demonstrates synthesis and understanding of learning objectives….Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues. ….Responses to faculty questions are fully answered, if posed. …Response is effectively written in standard, edited English.

16.02 to >14.22 pts

Good

Response exhibits synthesis, critical thinking, and application to practice settings. …Responds fully to questions posed by faculty. …Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by at least two scholarly sources. …Demonstrates synthesis and understanding of learning objectives….Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues. ….Responses to faculty questions are fully answered, if posed. …Response is effectively written in standard, edited English.

14.22 to >12.42 pts

Fair

Response is on topic and may have some depth….Responses posted in the discussion may lack effective professional communication. …Responses to faculty questions are somewhat answered, if posed. …Response may lack clear, concise opinions and ideas, and a few or no credible sources are cited.

12.42 to >0 pts

Poor

Response may not be on topic and lacks depth….Responses posted in the discussion lack effective professional communication. …Responses to faculty questions are missing. …No credible sources are cited.
18 pts

This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Second Response

17 to >15.13 pts

Excellent

Response exhibits synthesis, critical thinking, and application to practice settings….Responds fully to questions posed by faculty. …Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by at least two scholarly sources. …Demonstrates synthesis and understanding of learning objectives….Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues. ….Responses to faculty questions are fully answered, if posed. …Response is effectively written in standard, edited English.

15.13 to >13.43 pts

Good

Response exhibits critical thinking and application to practice settings….Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues. …Responses to faculty questions are answered, if posed. …Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by two or more credible sources. …Response is effectively written in standard, edited English.

13.43 to >11.73 pts

Fair

Response is on topic and may have some depth….Responses posted in the discussion may lack effective professional communication. …Responses to faculty questions are somewhat answered, if posed. …. Response may lack clear, concise opinions and ideas, and a few or no credible sources are cited.

11.73 to >0 pts

Poor

Response may not be on topic and lacks depth….Responses posted in the discussion lack effective professional communication. …Responses to faculty questions are missing. …No credible sources are cited.

17 pts

This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Participation

5 pts

Excellent

Meets requirements for participation by posting on three different days.

0 pts

Poor

Does not meet requirements for participation by posting on 3 different days

A Sample Of This Assignment Written By One Of Our Top-rated Writers

NURS 6521 Week 5 Discussion: Diabetes and Drug Treatments

Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is diagnosed following a lack of insulin production secondary to the destruction of autoimmune pancreatic beta-cells. Type 2 DM is characterized by inadequate insulin secretion secondary to developed insulin resistance by the body cells (Banday et al., 2020). It is often associated with obesity and is much more common than T1DM. Gestational diabetes is specific to pregnancy and applies to diabetes diagnosed during pregnancy. It generally resolves or improves after delivery (Plows et al., 2018). Juvenile diabetes develops during infancy and childhood, and its pathogenesis is similar to T1DM.  

Tolbutamide is a first-generation sulfonylurea used to manage T2DM. It is well absorbed and rapidly metabolized in the liver. Its duration of effect is relatively short, with an elimination half-life of 4-5 hours. It is best administered in divided doses to minimize GI side effects. Because of its short half-life, it is the safest sulfonylurea for elderly diabetics (Taylor et al., 2021). Prolonged hypoglycemia is a rare ADR of Tolbutamide. It mostly occurs in patients receiving certain drugs that inhibit the metabolism of tolbutamide, like dicumarol, phenylbutazone, and some sulphonamides. Caution is needed in patients with hypoglycemia, with a reduced caloric intake.

T2DM is associated with poor health outcomes and premature death due to its short and long-term complications. The short-term effects of T2DM include hypoglycemia, which occurs in patients who miss meals or take sulfonylureas like Glimepiride. Long-term complications include those affecting large blood vessels (macrovascular) and small blood vessels (microvascular). Macrovascular complications include coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral vascular disease (Papatheodorou et al., 2018). On the other hand, microvascular complications of blood vessel structure and function result in neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy that lead to foot amputations, kidney failure, and cataracts.

References

Banday, M. Z., Sameer, A. S., & Nissar, S. (2020). Pathophysiology of diabetes: An overview. Avicenna journal of medicine, 10(4), 174–188. https://doi.org/10.4103/ajm.ajm_53_20

Papatheodorou, K., Banach, M., Bekiari, E., Rizzo, M., & Edmonds, M. (2018). Complications of Diabetes 2017. Journal of diabetes research, 2018, 3086167. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3086167

Plows, J. F., Stanley, J. L., Baker, P. N., Reynolds, C. M., & Vickers, M. H. (2018). The Pathophysiology of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. International journal of molecular sciences, 19(11), 3342. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113342

 Taylor, S. I., Yazdi, Z. S., & Beitelshees, A. L. (2021). Pharmacological treatment of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes. The Journal of clinical investigation, 131(2), e142243. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI142243