Discussion: Global Health Issue
Discussion: Global Health Issue
Use a minimum of 4 peer-reviewed scholarly sources, current within 5 years,
Describe a selected global health issue, the factors that influence that health issue, and the impact of globalization on this health issue. Explain one Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) that targets the issue. https://sdgs.un.org/
1. Discuss at least one local initiative and one global initiative to address this health issue. Explain how the local and global initiatives are similar and different, and how they align with the identified SDG to promote global health.
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2. Describe opportunities for the advanced practice prepared nurse to support the local and global initiatives identified. Propose one additional nursing strategy to address this issue and explain the intended impact of the proposed strategy on global health.
3. Provide a conclusion to the paper.
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Global Health Issue
Global health denotes the health of populations worldwide rather than the health of individuals. It focuses on the health issues that go beyond national borders or can affect the world’s political climates and economies (WHO, 2019). Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are a global health issue affecting the international health community. This paper seeks to discuss NCDs as a global health issue, strategies employed to address it, and its implications for the APN.
Global Health Issue
NCDs include diabetes, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and stroke. According to the WHO, NCDs are responsible for over 70% of all deaths worldwide. NCDs account for about 15 million premature deaths in persons aged 30 to 69 years. More than 85% of these premature deaths happen in low- and middle-income countries (Kassa & Grace, 2019). According to WHO (2019), five major factors have been associated with the high prevalence of NCDs, including unhealthy dietary patterns, physical inactivity, excessive alcohol consumption, tobacco use, and air pollution. NCDs are rampant in disadvantaged socio-economic nations and are a major obstacle to the nations’ economic development (Kassa & Grace, 2019). Countries bear economic loss from NCDs due to a high loss of productivity caused by individuals’ inability to work, absenteeism, and reduced income.
Globalization refers to how individuals, countries, and economies are growing increasingly interconnected and interdependent. Globalization has led to improvements in NCDs through the diffusion of health knowledge and low-cost health technologies used in diagnosing and treating diseases (Jani et al., 2019). For instance, globalization has led to the diffusion of health technologies used to screen, diagnose, and treat cancers, which are a leading cause of mortality worldwide. However, globalization has increased the prevalence of NCDs through the spread of culture and behavior (Jani et al., 2019). Risky behaviors have spread from one country to another, including unhealthy dietary patterns, alcohol consumption, and tobacco use.
SDG 3, Good Health and Well-Being, targets NCDs and identifies universal health coverage as integral to attaining the SDG. Good health is vital to sustainable development and demonstrates the complexity and interrelation of the two (Howden-Chapman et al., 2017). The SDG considers the increasing economic and social inequalities, rapid urbanization, climate and environmental threats, the increasing burden of HIV, and challenges such as NCDs.
Strategies to Promote Global Health
Initiatives have been implemented at the local and global levels to address NCDs and improve the health of populations. A local initiative in the U.S includes the CDC strategy of availing guidelines and resources on NCDs prevention and management. The resources seek to empower U.S citizens on the lifestyle behaviors they should adopt to reduce the risk factors of NCDs, such as healthy dieting, physical exercises, moderate alcohol consumption, and avoiding tobacco. The ACTIVE policy toolkit by the WHO is a global initiative to address NCDs. ACTIVE seeks to help all governments decrease the increasing levels of physical inactivity and the related health, economic, and social consequences (WHO, 2018). The policy was informed by the fact that one in four adults do not meet the WHO recommendations on physical activity, which reduces the risk of chronic conditions and improves health and wellbeing.
The local and global initiatives are similar in that they provide interventions on reducing NCDs and improving health outcomes by promoting healthy lifestyles. However, the local initiative is general on healthy lifestyle practices, while the global initiative focuses on physical activity. The initiatives align with SDG 3 since they aim at building good health for all individuals by reducing the risk of chronic illnesses (Howden-Chapman et al., 2017). Furthermore, they will help meet the target of reducing by one-third premature mortality from NCDs through prevention and treatment and support mental health and wellbeing by 2030.
Implications for Advanced Nursing Practice
An APN can support the local and global initiatives by incorporating the recommendations when providing care to patients. The initiatives can be incorporated when providing health education to patients, families, and the community. For instance, the APN can educate a patient with risk factors for NCD about the CDC prevention guidelines and help them modify their lifestyle to healthy practices such as regular exercises, healthy dieting, and smoking cessation (Kassa & Grace, 2019). Besides, the APN can organize community outreach programs to educate individuals on the CDC guidelines and increase participation in physical activity. An APN can employ additional strategies, such as researching factors that make an NCD more rampant in a particular community (Kassa & Grace, 2019. The APN can research interventions that can be employed to reduce NCDs prevalence in the community, which would help to improve health care delivery. Research is crucial to understanding unique factors leading to health disparities in NCDs and enabling providers to eliminate the disparities.
Conclusion
Global health is vital since it seeks to improve health, access to health services, and health care quality for all persons worldwide. NCDs are a global health issue affecting both high-income and low-income counties. The impact of NCDs includes poor health outcomes, poor quality of life, high mortality rates, and poor social development, affecting high-resourced and low-resourced nations. Local initiatives include the CDC providing guidelines and resources on the prevention and management of NCDs. The ACTIVE policy provides nations with specific policies and interventions to increase citizens’ participation in physical activity. An APN can support the initiatives by incorporating the guidelines in patient and community education.
References
Howden-Chapman, P., Siri, J., Chisholm, E., Chapman, R., Doll, C. N., & Capon, A. (2017). SDG 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing for all at all ages. A guide to SDG interactions: from science to implementation. Paris, France: International Council for Science, 81-126.
Jani, V. J., Joshi, N. A., & Mehta, D. J. (2019). Globalization and health: An empirical investigation. Global Social Policy, 19(3), 207-224. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468018119827475
Kassa, M., & Grace, J. (2019). The Global Burden and Perspectives on Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs) and the Prevention, Data Availability and Systems Approach of NCDs in Low-resource Countries. In Noncommunicable Diseases and Urbanization-A Global Perspective. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89516
World Health Organization. (2019). Ten health issues WHO will tackle this year. WHO | World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/ten-threats-to-global-health-in-2019
World Health Organization. (2018). WHO launches ACTIVE: a toolkit for countries to increase physical activity and reduce noncommunicable diseases. October, 17, 2018.
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