Discussion: Diabetes and Drug Treatments 

Discussion: Diabetes and Drug Treatments 

Discussion: Diabetes and Drug Treatments 

To Prepare:

Review the Resources for this module and reflect on differences between types of diabetes, including type 1, type 2, gestational, and juvenile diabetes.

Select one type of diabetes to focus on for this Discussion.

Consider one type of drug used to treat the type of diabetes you selected, including proper preparation and administration of this drug. Then, reflect on dietary considerations related to treatment.

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Think about the short-term and long-term impact of the diabetes you selected on patients, including effects of drug treatments.

Post a brief explanation of the differences between the types of diabetes, including type 1, type 2, gestational, and juvenile diabetes. Describe one type of drug used to treat the type of diabetes you selected, including proper preparation and administration of this drug. Be sure to include dietary considerations related to treatment. Then, explain the short-term and long-term impact of this type of diabetes on patients. including effects of drug treatments. Be specific and provide examples.

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Diabetes and Drug Treatments 

Diabetes is a pancreatic disorder characterized by a deficiency in insulin production or its effect on body tissues. There are four types of diabetes: Type 1, Type 2, Juvenile, and Gestational diabetes. Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) results from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, which leads to reduced or lack of insulin (Harreiter & Roden, 2019). Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a progressive condition characterized by increasing insulin resistance and diminishing insulin secretory capacity. It is frequently associated with obesity and usually has its onset in adulthood. Juvenile diabetes has its onset during infancy or childhood (Harreiter & Roden, 2019). Gestational diabetes refers to any abnormality in glucose levels identified for the first time during pregnancy. It mostly reverts to normal glucose levels in the post-partum.

Glimepiride is antidiabetic used to manage Type 2 DM and belongs to the class of sulfonylureas. It is administered once daily as monotherapy or in combination with insulin. It lowers blood glucose levels with the lowest dose of 1 mg compared to other sulfonylureas (Sahay et al., 2020). The recommended maximum daily dose is 8 mg. Patients at risk of hypoglycemia are initiated at 1 mg once daily, which is titrated slowly to an appropriate dose. Glimepiride should be taken orally before the first meal.

Type 2 DM is linked with short and long-term complications. The short-term complications include hypoglycemia, common in patients taking sulfonylureas like Glimepiride. Hypoglycemia is also associated with missing meals (Papatheodorou et al., 2018). Long-term complications include diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, and microvascular disorders. The long-term complications are associated with prolonged inadequate glycemic control resulting in hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia damages small and large blood vessels leading to microvascular and macrovascular complications.

References

Harreiter, J., & Roden, M. (2019). Diabetes mellitus – Definition, Klassifikation, Diagnose, Screening und Prävention (Update 2019) [Diabetes mellitus-Definition, classification, diagnosis, screening and prevention (Update 2019)]. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift, 131(Suppl 1), 6–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-019-1450-4

Papatheodorou, K., Banach, M., Bekiari, E., Rizzo, M., & Edmonds, M. (2018). Complications of Diabetes 2017. Journal of diabetes research, 2018, 3086167. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3086167

Sahay, R. K., Mittal, V., Gopal, G. R., Kota, S., Goyal, G., Abhyankar, M., & Revenkar, S. (2020). Glimepiride and Metformin Combinations in Diabetes Comorbidities and Complications: Real-World Evidence. Cureus, 12(9), e10700. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.10700