Assignment: Sepsis vs. Septic Shock

Assignment: Sepsis vs. Septic Shock

Assignment: Sepsis vs. Septic Shock

What is the difference between sepsis and septic shock?

What is the treatment and management of Septic shock?

what is the cause and treatment for Lactic acidosis

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Sepsis vs. Septic Shock

Difference between Sepsis and Septic Shock

            Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction brought about by dysregulated host immune responses to an infection. Sepsis usually initiates immune responses that are both pro and anti-inflammatory but with abnormal homeostasis(Yao et al., 2020). For a diagnosis of sepsis to be made, there should be evidence of an infection and organ dysfunction indicated by sequential organ assessment (SOFA) of two or more points. Septic shock on the other hand is as complication of sepsis which results in circulatory failure. A patient is said to be in septic shock if there is evidence of sepsis, hypotension requiring vasopressors to maintain a mean arterial pressure greater than or equal to 65mmHg or lactate levels greater than 2mmol/l despite fluid resuscitation(Thompson et al., 2019).

Treatment ad Management of Septic Shock

            The 1-hour bundle recommends fluid resuscitation, vasopressors, broad spectrum antibiotics, blood cultures before antibiotic administration and monitoring serum lactate levels to check for disease severity all in the first hour of management. Corticosteroids are also beneficial to these patients. Extracorporeal Membrane oxygenation (EMO) should be considered in patients with respiratory distress(Thompson et al., 2019).

Cause and Treatment of Lactic Acidosis

            Lactic acidosis is a metabolic derangement that is a result of accumulation of lactate and protons in the body fluids(Zanza et al., 2022). Lactic acidosis can be classified as type A (poor tissue oxygen delivery) and type B (no evidence of tissue hypoxia). Type A lactic acidosis can be caused by hypovolemic, cardiogenic or maldistributive shock while type B lactic acidosis can be caused bydiabetes ketoacidosis, AIDS, leukemia, sepsis, severe liver disease and cyanide poisoning. When treating Lactic acidosis, one should make sure to manage the underlying pathology. Administration of sodium bicarbonate and intravenous fluids is the mainstay treatment. Hemodialysis is also recommended in such cases.

References.

Thompson, K., Venkatesh, B., & Finfer, S. (2019). Sepsis and septic shock: Current approaches to management: Sepsis and septic shock. Internal Medicine Journal, 49(2), 160–170. https://doi.org/10.1111/imj.14199

Yao, R., Ren, C., Wang, J., Wu, G., Zhu, X., Xia, Z., & Yao, Y. (2020). Publication Trends of Research on Sepsis and Host Immune Response during 1999-2019: A 20-year Bibliometric Analysis. International Journal of Biological Sciences, 16(1), 27–37. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.37496

Zanza, C., Facelli, V., Romenskaya, T., Bottinelli, M., Caputo, G., Piccioni, A., Franceschi, F., Saviano, A., Ojetti, V., Savioli, G., & Longhitano, Y. (2022). Lactic Acidosis Related to Pharmacotherapy and Human Diseases. Pharmaceuticals, 15(12), 1496. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15121496