Assignment: Comparing and Contrasting Pharmacologic Options for the Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Assignment: Comparing and Contrasting Pharmacologic Options for the Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Assignment: Comparing and Contrasting Pharmacologic Options for the Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Reflect on your experiences, observations, and/or clinical practices from the last 5 years and think about how pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors altered his or her anticipated response to a drug.
Consider factors that might have influenced the patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes, such as genetics (including pharmacogenetics), gender, ethnicity, age, behavior, and/or possible pathophysiological changes due to disease.
Think about a personalized plan of care based on these influencing factors and patient history with GAD.

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Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics explain the relationship between the body and drugs. Pharmacokinetics mainly deals with factors like metabolism and absorption, while pharmacodynamics deals with the reaction of the drug to the body. Generally, drug reactions vary on different people, thus making it hard to achieve the desired outcome when treating patients with various conditions (De Fazio et al., 2017). The current discussion concerns an 87 years old female of a Black American Origin who has got Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) with other medical conditions. Hence, the main considerations will be pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic processes, and a personalized care plan of GAD.

The case involved an 87 years old female of a Black American origin who struggled with Generalized Anxiety Disorder.  However, the patient also had diabetes, gout, and hypertension, where she had come from another clinic due to health deterioration and lithium toxicity conditions. Since the client was very alert during admission, various medications were administered, such as Lithium 300mg twice a day, Norvasc 5mg once daily, ten units of Lantus insulin every night, Metformin 75 Mg daily, and Zoloft 50 mg daily.

The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics process was used to evaluate how the patient’s body reacted to the drug. Hence, Family et al. (2020) assert that since pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics regard body and drugs relationship, pharmacokinetics mainly deals with factors like metabolism and absorption, while pharmacodynamics deals with the reaction of the drug to the body. For older adults, drug concentrations can be small or greater than young people, where medications such as H2-receptor for delirium patients should be avoided (Shiddapur et al., 2021).

In such a case, the care plan should revolve around reassessments and monitoring to control the state of older adult with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Also, Apóstolo et al. (2018) assert that providing a therapeutic environment will increase the patient’s best outcomes; hence reducing anxiety instances. Also, there will be a nurse helping the patients control their Lithium toxicity levels, thus reducing lithium dosage graduallyReferences

Apóstolo, J., Cooke, R., Bobrowicz-Campos, E., Santana, S., Marcucci, M., Cano, A., … & Holland, C. (2018). Effectiveness of interventions to prevent pre-frailty and frailty progression in older adults: a systematic review. JBI database of systematic reviews and implementation reports, 16(1), 140.

De Fazio, P., Gaetano, R., Caroleo, M., Pavia, M., De Sarro, G., Fagiolini, A., & Segura-Garcia, C. (2017). Lithium in late-life mania: a systematic review. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 13, 755.

Family, N., Maillet, E. L., Williams, L. T., Krediet, E., Carhart-Harris, R. L., Williams, T. M., … & Raz, S. (2020). Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of low dose lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in healthy older volunteers. Psychopharmacology, 237(3), 841-853.

Shiddapur, A., Kistler, C. E., Busby-Whitehead, J., & Austin, C. A. (2021). Association of Histamine-2 Blockers and Proton-Pump Inhibitors With Delirium Development in Critically Ill Adults: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Critical Care Explorations, 3(8).