Assignment: What are the definition and criteria for SIRS

Assignment: What are the definition and criteria for SIRS

Assignment: What are the definition and criteria for SIRS

What are the definition and criteria for SIRS

What are some Differential diagnosis cause SIRS

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SIRS

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is commonly defined as an excessive immunological response of the body to a stressor which might be trauma, ischemia and reperfusion injuries, infections and malignancy among other causes (Chakraborty, 2019). Generally, in response to a noxious stimulus, in a bid to eliminate it, the body releases acute phase reactants which mediate the extensive systemic alterations. The excessive production of cytokines my then cause end organ damage that might be reversible or irreversible secondary to hypoperfusion and eventually death if left untreated (Hu, et.al.,2020).

Previously, the most commonly used diagnosis criteria were the SIRS criteria which constitutes of tachycardia (heart rate of greater than 90), tachypnea (respiratory rate greater than 20), hypothermia (temperature less than 36°) or fever (temperature more than 38°) and leukopenia (WBC count <4,000/mm3) or leukocytosis (WBC count >1,200/mm3) (Hu et.al., 2020).  A diagnosis of SIRS was defined as presence of two or more of these symptoms. The SIRS criteria were then improved to the Expanded SIRS criteria. Other more recent criteria Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (SOFA) and the Logistic Organ Dysfunction System (LODS) which are currently in practice (Usman et.al., 2019).

SIRS is generally caused by a wide array of noxious stimuli. Common causes are infections which may be bacterial, viral syndromes such as influenza, toxic shock syndrome secondary to exotoxins or endotoxins by bacteria or systemic fungal infections in immunocompromised persons (Chakraborty, 2019). Damage related causes include trauma, extensive burns, hematological malignancies such as leukemia, intestinal perforation and ischemia, acute pancreatitis, acute aspiration, autoimmune reactions and drug reactions among others. Other possible differentials include electrical burns, diverticulitis and abdominal abscess. SIRS can result in end organ damage which might be irreversible and eventually death, as such, early identification and appropriate management is paramount in preventing adverse mobilities and mortality.

References

Chakraborty, R. K., & Burns, B. (2019). Systemic inflammatory response syndrome. https://europepmc.org/article/nbk/nbk547669

Hu, H., Yuan, X., Huang, L., & Huang, C. (2019). Global dynamics of and SIRS model with demographics and transfer from infectious to susceptible on heterogeneous networks. Math. Biosci. Eng, 16(5), 5729-5749. https://www.aimspress.com/fileOther/PDF/MBE/mbe-16-05-286.pdf

Usman, O. A., Usman, A. A., & Ward, M. A. (2019). Comparison of SIRS, qSOFA, and NEWS for the early identification of sepsis in the Emergency Department. The American journal of emergency medicine, 37(8), 1490-1497. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735675718308891