NUR 550 Topic 2 DQ 1 & 2 Discussion

NUR 550 Topic 2 DQ 1 & 2 Discussion

NUR 550 Topic 2 DQ 1 & 2 Discussion

Topic 2 DQ 1

Assessment Description

Explain the value of biostatistics in population health research. Describe the role of epidemiology in researching and addressing population health challenges. How are epidemiology and biostatistics significant to your evidence-based practice proposal?

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Topic 2 DQ 2

Assessment Description

Consider ecological and global issues, social determinants of health, principles of genetics, and genomics. Explain how translational research can be applied in these areas to address the burden of global disease.

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Topic 2 DQ 1: Biostatistics in Population Health Research

Public health issues require in-depth understanding to provide lasting solutions. Such understanding incorporates scientific, statistical, and biological perspectives to ensure a holistic and informed approach to health concerns. According to Hosain (2022), biostatistics involves applying statistical information in public health. This is important in population health research to gain deep insight into the scope and rate of health problems within a targeted population. Hosain (2022) further mentioned that biostatistics in public health helps researchers and other individuals to examine the influence of social, ethical, and financial factors on population health. Therefore, it is the foundation of effective decision-making toward improving public health through knowledge derived from data (Zapf et al., 2020). Patient care and population health problems should be addressed with such comprehensive approaches.

Epidemiology is critical in researching and addressing population health challenges. Broadly, epidemiology entails studying the origin and causes of diseases within a population. Over time, the field has expanded in focus to study other aspects of health, including injury and chronic, noncommunicable diseases besides infectious problems (Lau et al., 2020). Epidemiology integrates a scientific perspective of investigative problem-solving to understand the root of health problems in a particular population. Doing so provides a solid basis for designing and implementing comprehensive solutions for current and merging health challenges.

Evidence-based practice (EBP) projects identify a significant health issue and propose a practical intervention. Epidemiology and biostatistics are significant to my EBP proposal since they are the spine of public health enhancement. Since the project focuses on addressing chronic diseases (type 2 diabetes), statistical and scientific methods are essential to monitor trends, the magnitude of the issue, and the practicality of the recommended intervention. In this case, the occurrence of the disease within the targeted population should be known, and the proposed solution should be guided by adequate, current, and accurate statistical data.

References

Hossain, M. S. (2022). Role of biostatistics in analysing public health. International Journal of Research in Engineering and Science (IJRES), 10(8), 250-255. https://www.ijres.org/papers/Volume-10/Issue-8/1008250255.pdf

Lau, B., Duggal, P., Ehrhardt, S., Armenian, H., Branas, C. C., Colditz, G. A., … & Celentano, D. D. (2020). Perspectives on the future of epidemiology: a framework for training. American Journal of Epidemiology, 189(7), 634-639. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwaa013

Zapf, A., Rauch, G., & Kieser, M. (2020). Why do you need a biostatistician? BMC Medical Research Methodology, 20, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-020-0916-4

Topic 2 DQ 2: Applying Translational Research

Public health problems and other challenges inhibiting a healthy and productive life require a multifaceted approach to address them comprehensively. Broadly, translational research focuses on facilitating and speeding up the transfer of scientific discoveries into clinical practice (De Maria Marchiano et al., 2021). While bridging the gap between basic research and practice, translational research can be applied in many areas to address the burden of global disease. Regarding ecological and global issues, translational invasion ecology (TIE) prompts collaboration among researchers, stakeholders, and key policymakers to develop research considering socioeconomic, political, and ecological aspects to improve invasive species management (Morelli et al., 2021). Such an approach provides adequate scientific evidence and guides healthcare providers to address health problems caused by invasive species effectively. Social determinants of health (SDOH) involve factors influencing health depending on where people are born, work, and grow. According to Breen et al. (2019), translational research improves knowledge of the causes of health disparities across multiple levels of influence. With big data, translational research provides a framework for developing and evaluating interventions that address disparities and improve health outcomes.

Genes influence population health significantly since many human diseases stem from the interactions between genes and the environment. Genomics addresses genes and their interconnections to assess their combined impact. From a health perspective, translational genetics and genomics seek to explain the complexity of the interactions among genes, environment, and gene-related products. As Wolf et al. (2020) mentioned, the rapid development and knowledge of human genomics are used to predict, diagnose, and treat critical health concerns. Precision medicine is a suitable example of this development, with a high potential to understand health problems and treatment opportunities by integrating genetic and genomic processes. Effective application of precision medicine requires data and scientific evidence to understand the intersection among genes, environment, and treatment options (Wolf et al., 2020). This further underlines the significance of translational research to translate knowledge to humans, patients, and communities.

References

Breen, N., Berrigan, D., Jackson, J. S., Wong, D. W. S., Wood, F. B., Denny, J. C., Zhang, X., & Bourne, P. E. (2019). Translational health disparities research in a data-rich world. Health Equity, 3(1), 588–600. https://doi.org/10.1089/heq.2019.0042

De Maria Marchiano, R., Di Sante, G., Piro, G., Carbone, C., Tortora, G., Boldrini, L., … & Scambia, G. (2021). Translational research in the era of precision medicine: where we are and where we will go. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 11(3), 216. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11030216

Morelli, T. L., Brown-Lima, C. J., Allen, J. M., Beaury, E. M., Fusco, E. J., Barker-Plotkin, A., … & Bradley, B. A. (2021). Translational invasion ecology: Bridging research and practice to address one of the greatest threats to biodiversity. Biological Invasions, 23, 3323-3335. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-021-02584-7

Wolf, S. M., Ossorio, P. N., Berry, S. A., Greely, H. T., McGuire, A. L., Penny, M. A., … & LawSeq Framework Task Force. (2020). Integrating rules for genomic research, clinical care, public health screening and DTC testing: creating translational law for translational genomics. The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 48(1), 69-86. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073110520916996