NURS 4040 Assessment 3: Evidence-Based Proposal and Annotated Bibliography on Technology in Nursing

NURS 4040 Assessment 3: Evidence-Based Proposal and Annotated Bibliography on Technology in Nursing

NURS 4040 Assessment 3: Evidence-Based Proposal and Annotated Bibliography on Technology in Nursing

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CRITERIA	NON-PERFORMANCE	BASIC	PROFICIENT	DISTINGUISHED
Analyze current evidence	Does not analyze	Identifies but does not	Analyzes current	Provides a rigorous, scholarly, and
on the impact of a	current evidence on	analyze current evidence	evidence on the	perceptive analysis of current evidence
selected patient care	the impact of a	on the impact of a selected	impact of a selected	on the impact of a selected patient
technology on patient	selected patient care	patient care technology on	patient care	care technology on patient safety,
safety, quality of care,	technology on patient	patient safety, quality of	technology on	quality of care, and the interdisciplinary
and the interdisciplinary	safety, quality of care,	care, and the	patient safety,	team.
team.	and the	interdisciplinary team.	quality of care, and
	interdisciplinary team.		the interdisciplinary
			team.
Integrate current	Does not integrate	Integrates some evidence	Integrates current	Integrates well-researched and current
evidence about the	current evidence	about the impact of a	evidence about the	evidence about the impact of a
impact of a selected	about the impact of a	selected patient care	impact of a selected	selected innovative patient care
patient care technology	selected patient care	technology on patient	patient care	technology on patient safety, quality of
on patient safety, quality	technology on patient	safety, quality of care, and	technology on	care, and the interdisciplinary team
of care, and the	safety, quality of care,	the interdisciplinary team	patient safety,	into a recommendation. Provides clear
interdisciplinary team	and the	into a recommendation, but	quality of care, and	insight into the potential implications of
into a recommendation.	interdisciplinary team	the work lacks detail or is	the interdisciplinary	the technology on patient safety and
	into a	missing critical information.	team into a	quality of care.
	recommendation.		recommendation.
Describe organizational	Does not describe	Identifies but does not fully	Describes	Provides a scholarly, comprehensive,
factors influencing the	organizational factors	describe organizational	organizational	and well-researched description of
selection of a technology	influencing the	factors influencing the	factors influencing	organizational factors influencing the
in the health care setting.	selection of a	selection of a technology in	the selection of a	selection of a technology in the health
	technology in the	the health care setting.	technology in the	care setting.
	health care setting.		health care setting.
Justify the	Does not justify the	Explains but does not justify	Justifies the	Justifies the implementation and use of
implementation and use	implementation and	the implementation and use	implementation and	a selected technology in a health care
of a selected technology	use of a selected	of a selected technology in	use of a selected	setting. Provides an in-depth and well-
in a health care setting.	technology in a	a health care setting.	technology in a	researched analysis of the impact of
	health care setting.		health care setting.	the technology on quality care and
				patient safety.
Create a clear, well-	Does not create a	Provides an annotated	Creates a clear,	Creates a clear, well-organized, and
organized, and	clear, well-organized,	bibliography that has errors	well-organized, and	professional annotated bibliography
professional annotated	and professional	in grammar, punctuation,	professional	that is free from errors in grammar,
bibliography that is	annotated	and spelling and exhibits a	annotated	punctuation, and spelling.
generally free from	bibliography that is	lack of preparation.	bibliography that is
errors in grammar,	generally free from		generally free from
punctuation, and	errors in grammar,		errors in grammar,
spelling.	punctuation, and		punctuation, and
	spelling.		spelling.
Follow APA style and	Does not follow APA	Partially follows APA style	Follows APA style	Follows APA style and formatting
formatting guidelines for	style and formatting	and formatting guidelines	and formatting	guidelines for citations and references
all bibliographic entries.	guidelines for	for citations and references.	guidelines for all	with flawless precision and accuracy.
	citations and		bibliographic
	references.		entries.

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Evidence-Based Proposal and Annotated Bibliography on Technology in Nursing

Healthcare organizations emphasize the widespread use of health information technologies to improve care quality, eliminate costly mistakes, enhance process accuracy, reduce delays, and bolster care efficiency. Examples of technologies that influence new care delivery systems include telehealth, barcode medication administration, clinical decision support systems, artificial intelligence, and remote patient monitoring system. A plethora of current scholarly studies supports the incorporation of advanced technologies in healthcare settings. Therefore, this paper provides an annotated bibliography of scholarly studies that support the rationale of incorporating barcode medication administration technology into the current healthcare systems and nursing practice.

The Rationale of Selecting Barcode Medication Administration Technology and Inclusion Criteria for the Selected Scholarly Articles

Rationale

Medication errors (MEs) inflict massive burdens on patients, healthcare professionals, and healthcare organizations by leading to multiple adverse consequences, including increased mortalities, prolonged hospitalization, negative legal and ethical implications, disabilities, and compromised quality of life. Healthcare organizations desperately need reliable technology for intercepting the causal and contributing factors for medication errors, especially those that occur during medication administration. Consequently, barcoding technology provides the much sought-after verification of medications by enabling healthcare professionals to comply with the “five rights” of safer medication administration, including correct dosage, patient, timing, documentation, and route. This factor justifies the rationale for selecting barcoding medication administration as an advanced healthcare technology for improving care quality, safety, timeliness, and efficiency.

Inclusion Criteria

Although a corpus of current scholarly literature underscores the importance of using barcoding technology in safer medication administration, it is essential to apply various approaches for determining evidence sources’ credibility and consistency with the topic. Also, it is crucial to obtain evidence sources from reputable and authoritative databases to increase the chances of selecting credible, reliable, relevant, and accurate journal articles. In this assessment, I selected four scientific studies from reputable databases, including Elsevier, British Medical Journal (BMJ), and Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). The search criteria included using keywords and subtitles like “barcode medication administration,” “the importance of barcoding technology,” and “barcoding technology and medication errors.” Finally, I used the CRAAP test as a framework for appraising the selected sources. This test requires researchers to consider evidence sources’ currency, relevance, authority, accuracy, and purpose before selecting them for further analysis.

Annotated Bibliography

Barakat, S., & Franklin, B. D. (2020). An evaluation of the impact of barcode patient and medication scanning on nursing workflow at a UK teaching hospital. Pharmacy, 8(3), 148. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy8030148

In this scholarly article, Barakat & Franklin (2020) investigated the impact of barcode medication administration (BCMA) by conducting a comparative study in two similar wards within an acute UK Hospital. The researchers contended that BCMA entails scanning a patient’s unique barcode and medication barcodes to verify and ascertain their accuracy before proceeding to administer a medication dose. According to Barakat & Franklin (2020), the purpose of incorporating barcode medication administration (BCMA) into medication administration processes is to reduce the rate and severity of medication administration errors (MEAs). Data from the study indicate that BCMA led to a 100% patient identification check, leading to various benefits, including adherence to the rights of medication administration and reducing the prevalence of mistakes when administering doses. This article impacts the topic by providing insights into the success rate of BCMA in patient identification and prevention of medication errors. It offers current, justifiable, and empirical contentions that support the incorporation of BCMA into medication administration processes.

Mulac, A., Mathiesen, L., Taxis, K., & Gerd Granås, A. (2021). Barcode medication administration technology used in hospital practice: A mixed-methods observational study of policy deviations. BMJ Quality & Safety, 30(12), 1021–1030. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2021-013223

In this article, Mulac et al. (2021) conducted a prospective, mixed-methods study on two hospital wards in Norway to gain insight into nurses’ use of barcode medication technology during a medication dispensing and administration. Also, the researchers aimed to record the number and type of BCMA policy deviations and their causes. They defined policy deviation as “the act of dispensing or administering a medicine that was not per the hospital policy” (p. 1022). Regarding the effectiveness of BCMA in medication dispensing and administration, the study revealed that scanning medications and ID wristbands improved patient safety by preventing the administration of wrongly dispensed medications. The scanning rates of this study were 71% for medications, 91% for scannable doses, and 80% for patient ID wristbands. Also, the study revealed various types of policy deviations, including task-related, dispensing and administration, and organizational deviations. The researchers identified the causes of these deviations and urged healthcare organizations to ensure the adaption of the work system and optimize the use of BCMA. This study is profound in supporting the plausibility of using BCMA to reduce medication errors and the potential shortcomings that reduce the technology’s effectiveness in preventing and reducing medication mistakes.

Naidu, M., & Alicia, Y. L. Y. (2019). Impact of bar-code medication administration and electronic medication administration record system in clinical practice for an effective medication administration process. Health, 11(05), 511–526. https://doi.org/10.4236/health.2019.115044

This annotated literature review aimed to evaluate barcode medication administration (BCMA) and electronic medication administration system (e-MAR) use outcomes, clinical practices, policies, and processes impacting nurses administering medications in the clinical environment. Further, the researchers elaborated advantages and disadvantages of BCMA and e-MAR. After reviewing scholarly articles consistent with the study’s objectives, the researchers revealed that the purpose of using the BCMA technology is to reduce medication errors, lower the cost incurred by hospitals, and improve patient safety. The reviewed scholarly articles were consistent in presenting the advantages of BCMA. The study revealed that this technology reduces physician orders, dosage, and prescription errors and improves patient safety by ensuring compliance with hospital protocols and efficiency in medication administration. However, hospitals encounter various challenges when using this technology in medication administration, including resistance to change, insufficient training and support, unfriendly technology, lack of policy, workflow, and procedures, system downtime, equipment malfunction, and cybersecurity issues. This article impacts knowledge on the topic by providing scholarly justification for incorporating BCMA into medication administration as well as presenting challenges facing healthcare organizations when utilizing the technology.

Thompson, K. M., Swanson, K. M., Cox, D. L., Kirchner, R. B., Russell, J. J., Wermers, R. A., Storlie, C. B., Johnson, M. G., & Naessens, J. M. (2018). Implementation of bar-code medication administration to reduce patient harm. Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Innovations, Quality & Outcomes, 2(4), 342–351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2018.09.001

In this pilot study, Thompson et al. (2018) aimed to assess the impact of implementing barcode medication administration (BCMA) technology on the rate of medication administration errors in the inpatient setting. To achieve this objective, the researchers involved all inpatient nursing units at a large academic center recognized as a Magnet organization. These units adopted the BCMA technology from September 2008 to October 2010. The outcomes of the study included the administration of 500000 inpatient medications per month during the BCMA’s piloting, a 17% reduction of reported errors for medication events, and the decrease of the mean rate for barcode-related events from 37.25 at baseline to 21.03 reported errors per 100000 administered medications in the post-implementation period. Consequently, the study concluded that consistent use of BCMA technology improves patient safety by decreasing the number and severity of medication administration errors. This study provides empirical justifications for the benefits of BCMA technology in improving patient safety and reducing medication errors. Therefore, it is credible, relevant, valid, and consistent with the topic of concern.

Recommendations 

The four reviewed scholarly articles present barcode medication administration (BCMA) technology as ideal for improving patient safety by reducing medication administration errors, enhancing care outcomes, and bolstering process accuracy. However, various drawbacks, including resistance to change, a lack of employee training and education, system failures, cybersecurity issues, and unfamiliarity with the technology, compromise these benefits. Therefore, healthcare organizations should optimize the usage of BCMA by training employees on the technology’s usability, ensuring collective goal-setting to address change resistance, implementing system safeguards to avert cybersecurity issues, and educating technology users to bolster their familiarity with BCMA.

References

Barakat, S., & Franklin, B. D. (2020). An evaluation of the impact of barcode patient and medication scanning on nursing workflow at a UK teaching hospital. Pharmacy, 8(3), 148. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy8030148

Mulac, A., Mathiesen, L., Taxis, K., & Gerd Granås, A. (2021). Barcode medication administration technology use in hospital practice: A mixed-methods observational study of policy deviations. BMJ Quality & Safety, 30(12), 1021–1030. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2021-013223

Naidu, M., & Alicia, Y. L. Y. (2019). Impact of bar-code medication administration and electronic medication administration record system in clinical practice for an effective medication administration process. Health, 11(05), 511–526. https://doi.org/10.4236/health.2019.115044

Thompson, K. M., Swanson, K. M., Cox, D. L., Kirchner, R. B., Russell, J. J., Wermers, R. A., Storlie, C. B., Johnson, M. G., & Naessens, J. M. (2018). Implementation of bar-code medication administration to reduce patient harm. Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Innovations, Quality & Outcomes, 2(4), 342–351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2018.09.001