NR 445 Assignment: Personal Moral Theory

NR 445 Assignment: Personal Moral Theory

NR 445 Assignment: Personal Moral Theory

Personal Moral Theory

Reflection is a great part of nursing students’ education journey since it helps evaluate the values and morals that lead to the success of their nursing practice in the future. As stated in week eight, my personal philosophy stands on the premise that I should never at any instance engage in activities that can harm other people. That means every activity I have to engage in should be appropriate even when no one is watching. In support of such a moral,  the main ethical theories that apply to it are the utilitarian and principlism theories. Utilitarianism theory was formulated by Jeremy Bentham, who defined utility as an action that decreases one’s pain while increasing happiness (Amer, 2019). That is because, when creating the theory, Jeremy was more interested in benefiting society at large instead of an individual. Hence, for one to succeed as a nurse, there is always a need to evaluate an action’s outcome and select the activity that will mostly increase happiness and cause no pain to others. The principlism theory entails four bioethical principles: nonmaleficence, beneficence, autonomy, and justice. The nonmaleficence principle stands for the idea that the actions that one engages in should cause no harm, while beneficence stands for ensuring that one is obligated to promote other people’s welfare (Amer, 2019). As part of principlism, autonomy works under the premise of self-governance, with the justice principle aiming to ensure that everyone in the society is treated the same with no form of discrimination. Such theories are essential since they remind me of the need to remain objective when dealing with other people.

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When reflecting on my personal philosophy, Jane’s actions are unethical since she has engaged in plagiarism and academic cheating. Jane Doe engages in plagiarism through her actions of duplicating the translated Esperanto work and poses as if it is her original work. Other instances that Jane engages in plagiarism include the time she copied her previous work and a paper she had found on one of the websites. Plagiarism and academic cheating have been academic offenses that can lead to expulsion. Also, higher education institutions prohibit plagiarism by ensuring that the students indulge in honest activities that can help them gain more knowledge by conducting their research and analysis, thus making plagiarism impair their autonomous nature. Hence, once Jane submitted the translated Esperanto work, including her plagiarized work, the action would impair the judgment of her tutor, thus being unable to provide the required knowledge and advice depending on her level of understanding after grading. For academic cheating, Jane has severally submitted blank papers to avoid penalties and to trick the lecturer.

 From her perspective, Jane believes that her socioeconomic status allows her to engage in academic cheating since she has to work to maintain her livelihood. However, due to her veil of ignorance, she fails to obey her religious teachings, which forbid cheating, thus implicating her morals. Through the actions of academic cheating and plagiarism, Jane may cause grave instances in the nursing setting. That is because if she translates such habits into a nursing setting, she can cause harm to patients and her colleagues. For instance, she may fail to provide clinical reasoning and evidence-based treatments by relying on other people to work on her assignments. That is because Jane might be tempted in the future to use unverified medical procedures if she does not observe work-life balance. Also, engaging in academic cheating like submitting blank papers may be translated in the future where such an individual may fail to enter the patient data. Hence, in a legal case between the hospital or the nurse and the patients, lack of proof may risk the nurse or healthcare facility’s license being terminated.

In general, Jane fails to realize that her actions are based on ignorance. According to Rachels and Rachels (2019), most people become biased due to the situations they are exposed to, making them disagree on the social contract on various world factors. Hence, Jane thrives behind her veil of ignorance, which prohibits her from acknowledging her real self and circumstances. That is because once individuals become ignorant of their circumstances, they can objectively define a society’s operations. That is why Rawls describes the veil of ignorance using the difference and liberty principles. Hence, when using the difference principle, Jane ignores her religious teaching, which prohibits cheating but uses other demeaning means as an opportunity for her academic excellence due to her socioeconomic status (Gold et al., 2021). For the liberty principle, Jane overlooks her religious teachings and engages in plagiarism and academic cheating since she believes that she has the freedom to think independently. Therefore, one solution is to ensure that Jane understands the essentiality of maintaining a work-life balance to help her plan her time appropriately. That way, it will be easier to prevent such academic offenses. Also, all government levels should ensure that they leverage all education institution tuition fees to provide a fair chance to all students without discriminating against them using the socioeconomic factor. In conclusion, ethics should be emphasized for all nursing students to prevent affecting their careers in the future.

References

Amer, A. B. (2019). Understanding the ethical theories in medical practice. Open Journal of Nursing, 9(02), 188. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojn.2019.92018

Gold, A., Greenberg, B., Strous, R., & Asman, O. (2021). When do caregivers ignore the veil of ignorance? An empirical study on medical triage decision–making. Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy, 24(2), 213-225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11019-020-09992-x

Rachels, S., & Rachels, J. (2019). The elements of moral philosophy (9th ed.). Mcgraw-Hill Education. 

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Personal Moral Theory

You will be focusing on this case for this assignment:

Case:  Jane Doe is a nursing student at University X. Jane is in week eight of a course entitled: “Introduction to Ethics”.

For the week one discussion, Jane copied work done by her friend John Doe in the same class two months ago (with a different professor). John told Jane it was okay to use his work as John’s professor never checked any work in the class using Turnitin.com. John claimed to have earned an A on the work also.

In week two, Jane went to StudentPapering.com and paid ten dollars for a week two essay done by a student (not John Doe) who took the same course four months ago. StudentPapering promises that all its archived work is of excellent quality and cannot be detected as copied. Jane then uploaded an exact copy of the work for the week two assignment.

In week three, Jane paid a worker at PaperingStudent.com ten dollars to write for Jane a brand-new essay after Jane shared with the worker the essay assignment instructions.

In week four, Jane relied on her knowledge of Esperanto. She felt pressed for time and found an article by a professor from Esperanto on the week four topic. She translated Esperanto into English using Moogle Translate, and the translated text served as her week four paper.

In week five, Jane was running late again. Jane purposely uploaded a blank paper hoping that she would later claim it was an innocent mistake and not be assessed a late penalty. In a previous course on History, she had done the same (with an earlier paper from the History class rather than simply a blank) and had not seen any late penalty assessed.

In week six, Jane took work she did in a nursing course from a year ago and submitted that for her discussion posting in her current class. She simply copied and pasted the work she had labored intensively on a year ago (even though University X forbids this practice as ‘self-plagiarism’). Jane was confident her Nursing instructor never checked that work using Turnitin.com or another method.

In week seven, Jane copied and pasted work found on website.com for the paper. Jane did not use any quotation marks or other documentation to show the text was not by Jane.

Since Jane’s Ethics professor did not check papers and posting for any issues by using Turnitin.com or another method, the professor graded all of Jane’s work unaware of Jane’s actions throughout the weeks of the class. Jane feels her actions are morally justified both because her economic situation requires her to work too much to devote time to school (although other students are well-off enough to have such time) and her religion forbids cheating, but Jane ignores her religion’s teachings.

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Instructions
Now that you have had an opportunity to explore ethics formally, create a reflective assessment of your learning experience and the collaborations you engaged in throughout this session.

You will submit a written reflection

For the written reflection, address Jane Doe’s and respond to the following:

• Articulate again your moral theory from week eight discussion (You can revise it if you wish). What two ethical theories best apply to it? Why those two?
• Apply to Jane Doe’s case your Personal Ethical Philosophy as developed in week eight discussion and now. Use it to determine if what Jane Doe did was ethical or unethical per your own moral philosophy.
• Consider if some of these examples are more grave instances of ethical transgressions than others. Explain.
• Propose a course of social action and a solution by using the ethics of egoism, utilitarianism, the “veil of ignorance” method, deontological principles, and/or a theory of justice to deal with students like  Jane. Consider social values such as those concerning ways of life while appraising the interests of diverse populations (for instance, those of differing religions and economic status).

Writing Requirements (APA format)

• Length: 3 pages (not including title page or references page)
• 1-inch margins
• Double spaced
• 12-point Times New Roman font
• Title page
• References page . Minimum of 2 scholarly sources (in addition to the textbook :

Rachels, S., & Rachels, J. (2019). The elements of moral philosophy (9th ed.). Mcgraw-Hill Education.  – textbook (Chapters 13)